The Administrative State: 2025 in Review

Julia R. Cartwright is an economist whose work specializes in law and economics, political economy, and economic development. Her research features topics like the governance structures of crypto markets, the economic consequences of judicial interventions in courts in East Africa, and the development impact of housing regulations.

Dr. Cartwright has a wide-ranging teaching background, having previously taught over fifteen different economics courses as a professor at Pepperdine University, Hope College, and Kalamazoo College. Her teaching repertoire covers core and specialized courses including Game Theory and Economic Development of Africa.

She contributes to public discourse through debates, media appearances, public lectures, book reviews, and a TEDx talk. Dr. Cartwright also serves as the lead economist for the Sudreau Global Justice Institute at the Pepperdine Caruso School of Law. She oversees monitoring and evaluation efforts, applying economic analysis to assess the effectiveness of judicial reforms, particularly around plea bargaining and court case backlog reduction in Rwanda and Uganda.

Dave Hebert, Ph.D, is a senior research fellow at AIER. He was formerly a professor at Aquinas College, Troy University, and Ferris State University.  He has also been a fellow with the U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget and has worked for the U.S. Joint Economic Committee.  Dr. Hebert’s research has been published in academic journals such as Public Choice, Constitutional Political Economy, and The Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice and popular outlets such as The Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Investor’s Business Daily, RealClearPolicy, RealClearMarkets, The Hill, and The Daily Caller. He also serves as an Associate Director of The Entangled Political Economy Research Network.